A biomedical research program may consist of obligatory taught and research elements. Taught aspects may include instruction on key research skills such as critical analysis, scientific writing, experimental techniques and presentation skills. Instructors may also encourage scholars to participate in or observe active research projects.

The PhD is a doctoral degree, specifically called a "doctor of philosophy" degree. This is misleading because PhD holders are not necessarily philosophers (unless they earned their degree in philosophy!). That said, PhD recipients are able to engage in thought experiments, reason about problems, and solve problems in sophisticated ways.

Online or distance learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. With online learning, one can access education at any time and from any location with an available internet connection.