Civil Engineering is one of the disciplines of professional engineering, dealing with the creation of civilian-used structures from conceptualization through to construction and maintenance. Both publicly-funded governments and private companies are involved in civil engineering.

Botswana is located in southern Africa and has made significant progress in developing its higher education system. The discovery of diamonds substantially increased revenue for the nation, and much of this revenue has been funneled into improving schools and colleges.

The PhD is a doctoral degree, specifically called a "doctor of philosophy" degree. This is misleading because PhD holders are not necessarily philosophers (unless they earned their degree in philosophy!). That said, PhD recipients are able to engage in thought experiments, reason about problems, and solve problems in sophisticated ways.