Students who complete a geoscience course often find themselves ready to conduct independent research in the earth sciences. These programs usually include detailed examination of topics such as fluid dynamics, geological theory and pollutant containment.

China, officially the People's Republic of China, is a sovereign state located in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of over 1.35 billion.

The PhD is a doctoral degree, specifically called a "doctor of philosophy" degree. This is misleading because PhD holders are not necessarily philosophers (unless they earned their degree in philosophy!). That said, PhD recipients are able to engage in thought experiments, reason about problems, and solve problems in sophisticated ways.