Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is 900 years old, and even though it has a relatively small area, it played a crucial role in world history. Universidade do Porto is most popular by foreigners which consist of 11% international students.

The PhD is a doctoral degree, specifically called a "doctor of philosophy" degree. This is misleading because PhD holders are not necessarily philosophers (unless they earned their degree in philosophy!). That said, PhD recipients are able to engage in thought experiments, reason about problems, and solve problems in sophisticated ways.