Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America. Panama offers many universities and high schools that are bi-lingual and world class. There's an ongoing project called City of Knowledge, that consists of several educational programmes in the old installations of a former US military base (Clayton).

The PhD is a doctoral degree, specifically called a "doctor of philosophy" degree. This is misleading because PhD holders are not necessarily philosophers (unless they earned their degree in philosophy!). That said, PhD recipients are able to engage in thought experiments, reason about problems, and solve problems in sophisticated ways.